Water is most essential and a remarkable substance on the earth. We depend on water for domestic needs, sanitation, shipping, industry and irrigation. 70 % of the earth is covered in water but only 2 % of our planet water is fresh and of this only 0.4 % of fresh water is available for 7.7 billion world population but not equally, rest of 1.6% is locked in polar ice caps and glaciers. The human body is more than 60 % water, blood is 92% water and besides all these our bones also contain approximately 20 % of water. Each year 3.6 million people die from water related disease. In world it is estimated that a child dies from water related diseases every 15 seconds, dirty water kills more children than war, malaria, HIV/AIDS and traffic accidents combined. 33% of world’s population is likely to face severe or chronic water shortage by 2025. From the past record it is anticipated that global demand for fresh water is doubling every 21 years. 90% of waste water in developing nations is discharged into fresh water sources without being treated. It is assumed that 80% of all sickness and diseases worldwide is related to contaminated water. The main cause of kidney stones is dehydration. Saudi Arabia is no longer able to grow wheat due to the lack of irrigation water. Cape Town capital of South Africa facing severe water shortage, people of there allowed only using 70 litres of water per day. So, from the above facts we can observe the importance of water in our life, the world will have to ready for its scarcity and must adopt crucial ways to conserve it. Use the water carefully because in the world, the water is going to end some day.

Methods to conserve water

• Establish rain water harvesting plant or direct rainwater towards neighbourhood parks
• Adopt community irrigation techniques or irrigation scheduling system to save water
• Use drip and sprinkler irrigation system or use watering can to water the plant preferably during cool part of the day
• For greenery, turf required a lot of water, plant shrubs instead
• Plant, broad and flat leaf trees that help to conserve rain water very much and recharge ground water
• Inorganic fertilizer require high water consumption, apply minimum fertilizer or go for organic cultivation
• Use mulching around trees and plant, it maintain soil humidity
• Try to plant, drought resistant lawns, shrubs and plants. Better to go for dry farming
• In house replace heavy flow shower heads and faucets with low flow models
• Prefer to use the shower for bath instead bucket and try to use full loads in your washing machine and dishwasher
• Turn off the tap while brushing, use water sensibly. Toilet leaks can be silent, be sure to test your toilet for leaks
• One drop of water every second adds up to five gallons per day, so fix broken toilets and leaky faucets as soon as possible
• RO discharge water can be collected and use it to water your indoor plants or garden
• Try to shade or close the collected water system like swimming pools, ponds etc. because maximum loss of water is due to evaporation
• Always use bucket and sponge to clean the car or send your cars to a commercial car wash that recycle water
• Reuse waste water as much as possible or recycle it where we can
• Alert people and companies from polluting waterways by making laws against using toxic chemicals which pollute our soils

Article By :

Dr. Amit Kumar Singh

Asst. Professor, Deptt Of Biotechnology

Institute Of Computer Science & Technology ( ICST )

SHEPA Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh